Dragon Money

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In this installment of "Your Wate and Fate," we take a sneak-peek look at an upcoming page that will eventually be on display to the public. As a Patreon supporter, you have access to the page one full year before the public does.

* Dragon Money Part One: Patreon Release Date: January 28th, 2024.
* Dragon Money Part One: Public Release Date: February 7th, 2024.
* Dragon Money Part Two: Patreon Release Date: February 7th, 2024.
* Dragon Money Part Two: Public Release Date: February 7th, 2024.

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The Dragon

The dragon is generally described as a mythical beast, a sort of fantasy creature, varying in appearance by region, and imagined out of bits and pieces of snakes, crocodiles, fishes, bats, sea-horses, lions, and what-have you. Some scholars, however, believe that dragons were never conceived of as "mythical," but rather that they represent early, pre-scientific encounters humans had with fossilized dinosaurs.

This theory accounts for the fact that dragons of various types appear in far-apart areas of the world, and that there are, in a sense, "regional" dragons in art. The variations in dragon appearance may reflect an honest attempt by early humans to reconstruct some sort of uniform saurian anatomy from the fragmentary fossils of many species in their own areas -- long-necked, short-necked, gracile, stocky, winged, and terrestrial -- and this, after millennia, has resulted in the variability of dragons in art.

The Asian Dragon

The Asian dragon, a sinuous, reptilian beast, is revered as a religious, mythical, astronomical, and astrological figure. This dragon may be associated with water, or may fly through the sky with small wings. The role of the Asian dragon, his guardianship of a precious flaming pearl, and his titular rulership of every 12th year of the Chinese zodiac are well known, even to non-Asians. If nothing more, they will encounter the dragon on Chinese restaurant menus, where he stands out because he shares a spot on the Lunar New Year cycle with eleven other animals, all of whom are identifiable living species, while he is a creature of spiritual origin.

The Lunar Calendar

Each Asian New Year actually marks the approximate time when the planet Jupiter enters a new sector of the sky, as it follows a 12-year cycle of repeated movement as seen from Earth. Although Jupiter's motion is being referenced, the New Year Festival itself is determined by a Lunar calendar, a very ancient way of marking time, and it generally falls in the secular month of February.

Each year is named after one of the twelve lucky Chinese Zodiac animals, and, as with other forms of astrology, people born under these sins have certain personality traits.

* Rat: 1924, 1936, 1948, 1960, 1972, 1984, 1996, 2008, 2020: Resourceful, versatile, kind.
* Ox: 1925, 1937, 1949, 1961, 1973, 1985, 1997, 2009, 2021: Strong, dependable, determined.
* Tiger: 1926, 1938, 1950, 1962, 1974, 1986, 1998, 2010, 2022: Brave, confident, competitive.
* Rabbit: 1927, 1939, 1951, 1963, 1975, 1987, 1999, 2011, 2023: Quiet, elegant, responsible.
* Dragon: 1928, 1940, 1952, 1964, 1976, 1988, 2000, 2012, 2024: Confident, intelligent, enthusiastic.
* Snake: 1929, 1941, 1953, 1965, 1977, 1989, 2001, 2013, 2025: Mysterious, intelligent, wise.
* Horse: 1930, 1942, 1954, 1966, 1978, 1990, 2002, 2014, 2026: Animated, active, energetic.
* Goat: 1931, 1943, 1955, 1967, 1979, 1991, 2003, 2015, 2027: Calm, gentle, sympathetic.
* Monkey: 1932, 1944, 1956, 1968, 1980, 1992, 2004, 2016,2028: Sharp, smart, curious.
* Rooster: 1933, 1945, 1957, 1969, 1981, 1993, 2005, 2017, 2029: Observant, hardworking, courageous.
* Dog: 1934, 1946, 1958, 1970, 1982, 1994, 2006, 2018, 2030: Loving, honest, prudent.
* Pig: 1935, 1947, 1959, 1971, 1983, 1995, 2007,2019, 2031: Compassionate, generous, practical.

To create a full Chinese Zodiac of 60 years, five elements (also expressed as colours) also cycle through the years.

* Metal or White: Years that end in 0 or 1.
* Water or Black: Years that end in 2 or 3.
* Wood or Green: Years that end in 4 or 5.
* Fire or Red: Years that end in 6 or 7.
* Earth or Brown: Years that end in 8 or 9.

There are further divisions and refinements of the lunar calendar, but for our purposes, all we need to know right now is that 2024 is the year of the Green Wood Dragon.

The European Dragon

The European dragon is also a reptile, but he is depicted as a terrestrial beast capable of short bursts of flight by means of long-fingered, webbed wings. Unlike the Asian dragon, which knows no bounds in terms of posture or position, the European dragon is often encountered in heraldry, which is a an ancient, pre-literate, and highly formalized system for branding and identifying the coat of arms or shield of individuals, land holdings, municipalities, provinces, or nations by associating with animals, plants, and other devices. Heraldry is so popular in Europe, and especially Great Britain, that its use has been extended in popular culture to the branding of taverns, inns, and commercial businesses of all kinds.

Because heraldry is so formalized in terms of each device's position, colour, and number, European dragons tend to be less expressive than Asian dragons, but they make up for this in terms of their beloved status as totemic emblems of certain regions and their citizenry.

Dragon Money

The Chinese character "long" or "lung" meaning "dragon"

Coins with images of dragons on them, popularly referred to as dragon coins or dragon money, have an extensive history of production in Asia, without respect as to whether the coins were minted in a Dragon zodiac year. Among these coins are various denominations of the Chinese Yuan, Japanese Yen, and Korean Won. Since the year 2000, and particularly with the diaspora of Chinese people leaving the oppressive regime of Communist China, the custom of giving gifts marked with Zodiac animals has spread around the world, dragon coins have become Of all the twelve lunar coins, the Dragon issues are by far the most popular, due to their historical association with coinage.

Modern Dragon Coins and Bullion

Text, blah blah blah especially .

The Lunar Calendar on Coins and Bullion

Text .. and of these, the Year of the Dragon is always the most popular because not only is is a great Lunar New Yar gift, it is also a historical call-back to the old Dragon Money of China, Japan, and Korea.

In addition to Asian nations, various countries have, since the year 2000, released lunar astrology keepsakes in the form of stamps and coins for each year's animal. With each 12-year lunar cycle since that time, it seems that more nations have joined the list of those who produce lunar coinage or stamps. Meanwhile, in European nations with their own traditions of dragons which are not connected to astrology, dragon coins may be issued at any time.

When photographing coins for sale, it seems to be the convention, both by mints and by secondary coin dealers, to consider the dragon as the image on the obverse or front of the coin, even though it is technically the image on the reverse or back of the coin. This is especially the case with nations that have a standard obverse, such as the portrait of a monarch: as merchants, the mints and coin dealers wish to present the dragon first, even though it is on the back of the coin. In other words, the dragons are usually the first image shown, and thus either larger or placed on left side of a composite photo. We have retained the proper designation of "reverse" for these dragons, while setting them in the left-hand position in our series for purpose of showcasing them.

A Note About Denominations

Coins, by definition, are money issued by a body -- usually a nation -- that has the authority to set their value by marking them with a denomination that includes a number and the name of the coinage of the issuing body, such as "One Dollar" or "One Pound." Since the 20th century, when first the gold standard and then the silver standard were abandoned, the actual value of precious metals has fluctuated daily, because gold and silver, along with several other metals, are now treated as commodities, not as the reserves with which a nation backs its issuance of currency. Thus coins can be valued in several ways:

* Valuation by Denomination as Legal Tender: An 1881 U.S. Morgan dollar is worth one dollar.
* Valuation by Precious Metal Content: An item's weight times the spot price of the metals of which is comprised on a given day, which is also known as its "melt value" gives a rough valuation of its worth, although a reseller will pay "under spot" in order to offset the cost of doing business and to make a profit. An 1881 U.S. Morgan dollar on a given day might worth about $25.00 - $30.00 for its silver content, if melted.
* Valuation by Numismatic or Collector Value: These forms of valuation are based on an item's rarity, historicity, mint mark, condition, or aesthetic appeal. An 1881 U.S. Morgan dollar may worth about $25.00 - $300.00 depending on its condition and where it was minted.

However, for reasons not always entirely clear, nations are reluctant to abandon the use of precious metals as legal tender, so most of them now issue what is known as denominated bullion coinage -- coins of a known weight and purity of precious metal that are given an arbitrary denomination, but are fully expected to be traded on the open market with reference to the daily spot price of the metals from which they are made, or their raity or condition, to which may be added a premium or surcharge based on their collector value.

The most popular weight for bullion coins is 1 troy ounce (which is not the same as a commercial or avoirdupois ounce), and the standard of purity is generally .999 pure, in contrast to the 90% silver and 10% copper of old U.S. coins such as the Morgan dollar, for example. Thus, in addition to its base metal "clad" coins, the U.S. government currently issues .999 pure silver coins called American Silver Eagles, with a One Dollar denomination, in the full knowledge that they will be treated as bullion coins on the open market and their value will fluctuate daily at many dollars over their denominated value.

Once the denominations on coins -- especially silver coins -- were disconnected from any set value, non-governmental mints began to produce their own disk-shaped bullion pieces. If circular, these are generally called "rounds," to distinguish them from "coins."

Finally, although the disk shape has always been the most popular form for coins, both national coinages and bullion have been minted and cast in other forms, including ingots, bars, cast and stamped lumps, and figurative shapes. The minting of artistic figurative coinage with very low mintage numbers is a popular way for small nations to add a high premium to a beautiful collectible with a low denomination, and thus bring in money from collectors world wide. Along with local flora and fauna, dragon coins, because of their popular imagery, are one of the best ways for small nations to enter the field of what has come to be known as "collectible money."

Some Numismatic Terminology

In order to enjoy this collection of dragon coins and bullion, a few numismatic definitions are in order.

* Antiqued: a deliberately tarnished and polished finish on silver coins that makes tham look old, but retains their details perfectly. The antiquing is done by briefly dipping the coin in a chemical bath.
* Certificate of Authenticity or CoA: Collectible coins and bullion, especially those with low mintage and high premiums are sometimes sold in presentation boxes with certificates of authenticity. Chinese counterfeiters are unfazed by this: they not only counterfeit the coins, they also counterfeit the certificates of authenticity.
* Colorized (or Colourized) and Metalized: A coin which has been decorated by adhering a thin plastic membrane on which a transparent colour image is printed printed is said to be "colorized." If a metalic ink was used, it is said to be "metalized." Some coins are issued with official colourized variants, while other colourizations are after-market additions. Colourization and metalization are easily removed from a coin by dissolving the adhesive and gently peeling the layer of plastic away.
* Gilded or Plated: When a thin layer of gold is adhered to a silver or copper coin through the electroplating process, it is said to be gilded or gold-plated. When silver is applied, the terms used are silvered or silver-plated. The amount of gold or silver is not enough to change the intrinsic melt-value of the coin, but it may be issued in a limited edition for aesthetic reasons and to increase its collectibility.
* Proof and Reverse Proof: A proof coin is one struck with a highly polished die, resulting in the flat areas or "fields" having a mirror-like finish. A reverse proof coin is generally only made for collectors, not for general circulation. The flat areas or fields are frosted and the high relief areas are polished to a mirror finish. Such coins carry a high premium and are never circulated.
* Relief, Bas-Relief, High Relief, and Ultra-High Relief: Coins made for circulation generally are provided with a slightly raised rim so that the sculptural relief of the image, known as bas-relief or low relief, stays below that level and is protected from wear. (One coin which is notable for the mis-matching or its edge rim and its bas-relief is the Morgan dollar -- Lady Liberty's cheek is just a tiny bit too high to be protected by the denticles on the rim and is thus subject to scruffs, dings, and scratches. Even worse is the old Standing Liberty half dollar, about which the less said, the better.) High relief, in which the image sticks up above the rim, is found on collector coins and bullion; such pieces would be damaged almost immediately if placed in circulation. Ultra-High relief coins are those which are fully sculptural and almost leap out at the viewer. They may not even contain a protective rim. They are rarely handled, for fear of damaging them, and are usually stored in capsules or cases.

How This Page is Organized

* Nation or Mint within a Nation, in Alphabetical Order
* Year Date in Chronological Order
* Denomination (or No Denomination) in Ascending Order
* Percentage of silver or other metals
* Weight in troy oz.
* Design and Designer (if known)
* Finish, if notable; e.g. antiqued, proof, reverse proof, cast
* Obverse or Reverse

Dragon Coins and Bullion by Nation

AUSTRALIA

Australia is a former British colony that is now sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. In 1901 it was established as the Commonwealth of Australia. The Australia Act 1986 proided an independent government for Australia while maintaining the monarch of the United Kingdom as the monarch OF Australia in an independent capacity. Thus all Australian coinage bears an image of the currently reigning monarch.

Perth Mint

The Perth Mint, located in the city of Perth, is Australia's official bullion mint and is wholly owned by the Government of Western Australia. Founded in 19001, it is the older of Australia's two mints, the other being the Royal Australian Mint in Canberra, which produces Australian dollar coins for circulation as legal tender. The Perth Mint is known for the extremly high quality and beauty of its bullion coins, minted bars, and cast bars. It also functions as the official mint for a number of small nations that lack their own mints.

2000

2017

2018

2019

2021

2022

2023

2024

CAMEROON

Cameroon uses the Central African Franc of the CFA (Communauté Financière Africaine or African Financial Community) as its currency, as do the nations of Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Republic of Tchad, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon. Each CFA member country can strike coins bearing its own national symbols, and all of their coins are legal tender in the other members of the CFA bloc.

Scottsdale Mint

Cameroon has used the Scottsdale Mint to produce some of its coins.

2018

CANADA

Canada is a former British colony that became a confederation in 1867 and, after a series of gentle, stepwise governmental changes was recognized as a completely separate nation under the Canada Act 1982. As a monarchy, Canada shares its reigning royal family with 14 other independent countries within the Commonwealth of Nations, all of them former British colonies. All Canadian coinage bears on one side an portrait image of the current living monarch.

Royal Canadian Mint

Canadian coins are minted at the Royal Canadian Mint in Ottawa.

2012

2020

2024

CHINA

Chinese dragon coins are legendary. They became popular in the late 19th century and have continued to set the style for international dragon coins to this day. There are many copies of old Chinese dragon coins manufactured at this time, and they are variously considered to be counterfeits, fakes, fantasy coins, commemoratives, and restrikes.

The weight of old Chinese dragon coins (and their copies) is often given in maces and candareens. A candareen is equal to 10 cash and is one tenth of a mace. One troy candareen weighs 374 milligrams or 5.77 grams, so, for example, a coin marked 7 mace and 2 candareens weighs 26.84 grams or .86 troy ounces.

Another weight found on Chinese dragon coins is the tael. At one time the silver tael weighed 40 grams or 1.3 troy ounces; in 1959 it was standardized to 50 grams or 1.61 troy ounces. Sixteen taels are equivalent to a catty, from whence comes the English term caddy -- as in a "tea caddy" or chest of tea -- so back in the day, a catty of tea weighed 604 grams or 20.8 ounces -- about 1.33 pounds.

In addition to weights, Chinese dragon money may be denominated in yuan or dollars. The Yuan is a national unit of coinage, while the dollar is a remnant of the use of U.S. trade dollars as currency in Asia during the 19th century.

Assorted Provincial Mints

Despite what mint name is stated on a Chinese contemporary restrike or fantasy coin, it is almost certainly just a courtesy name left over from a previous era. Some fakes that bear very old dates, as stated on the coins themselves, are also stated to have been minted in provinces that did not have mints during the stated time period. Enjoy these Chinese collector coins for their artistry and consider that their value is in the pleasure of owning them. Their authenticity is always a matter of conjecture best handled by experts.

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

ENGLAND

Royal Mint

2018

2024

FIJI

Royal Canadian Mint

According to the Reserve Bank of Fiji, all recent Fiji coins have been minted by the Royal Canadian Mint.

Many coins of Fiji bear the nation's Coat of Arms: A shield divided quarterly by the Cross of St. George; in the quadrants sugarcane, a coconut palm, a bunch of bananas, and a flying dove of peace bearing an olive branch , charged with a gold lion holding a cacao pod at the top, supported by twin Fijian warriors, one on each side, one armed with a barbed spear, the other with a pineapple club, topped with a canoe as the crest, at the bottom is the nation's motto: "Rerevaka na kalou ka doka na Tui" ("Fear God and honour the King" [1 Peter 2:17]). This coat of arms was adopted in 1908 by a British Royal Warrant and it has been the coat of arms of Fiji since that year, having been retained after independence in 1970.

2022

2023

2024

FRANCE

Unknown Mint

2024

A bit of history goes here.

JAPAN

Asahi Refining

MONGOLIA

The Bank of Mongolia's logo is formed as a round coin on a lotus bouquet associated with purity, delicacy and stability (The Central Bank of Mongolia's logo illustrates bundle of lotus as a representation of pureness, firmness and togrog coin on the lacy base). ... The logo symbolizes eternal stability, constant development, youth, growth, prosperity and success.- https://www.mongolbank.mn/en/p/logo#:~:text=The%20Bank%20of%20Mongolia's%20logo%20is%20formed%20as%20a%20round,coin%20on%20the%20lacy%20base).

Bank of Mongolia

The mint that manufactures the Mongolian dragon coins is the Bank of Mongolia.

2024

NIUE

European Mint

2022

A bit of history goes here. The national flag of Wales features the Welsh dragon as a heraldic symbol.

RWANDA

As of 2001, many coins of the Republic of Rwanda ("Repubulika Y'u Rwanda") bear the National emblem with the motto "Ubumwe-Umurimo-Gukunda Igihugu"" ("Unity, Work, Patriotism"), featuring a stem of Sorghum, a branch of a Coffee tree, and a traditional basket called an Agaseke. It also features 2 typical Rwandan shields, a cogwheel, and the Sun above; the whole is encircled by a square knot.

Unknown Mint

The mint that manufactured the Rwandan dragon coins is not knowm. Information will be gratefully accepted.

2024

SAMOA

Unknown Mint

2022

A bit of history goes here. Many coins of the Independent State of Samoa bear the nation's Coat of Arms with the motto "Fa'avae I Le Atua Samoa" (variously translated as "God is the Foundation of Samoa" or "Samoa is founded on God")

TCHAD

New Century Mint and Others

The Republic of Tchad (also spelled Chad) uses the Central African Franc of the CFA (Communauté Financière Africaine or African Financial Community) as its currency, as do the nations of Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon. Each CFA member country can strike coins bearing its own national symbols, and all of their coins are legal tender in the other members of the CFA bloc.

Tchad has authorized various foreign mints to strike collector coins bearing historical or cultural themes that are not related to the country itself. These coins may be given low mintage numbers -- as low as 50 and as high as 500 to 999 -- in order to increase their rarity. The most popular size is one troy ounce of silver. Mints that have recently produced coins for Tchad include the New Century Mint of Shanghai, China.

2023

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Although the United States has issued a series of lunar New Year postage stamps, it has never issued Chinese Zodiac coins. Private mints in the U.S. have sought to fill that gap.

APMEX

APMEX, The American Precious Metals Exchange, is a wholesaler and retailer of gold, silver, platinum and palladium coins, bullion, bars, and ingots. It occasionally privately mints or commissions the minting of its own commemorative bullion rounds and bars.

2012

2024

JM Bullion

JM Bullion is a wholesaler and retailer of gold, silver, copper, platinum, and palladium products, including coins, bullion, bars, and ingots. The company occasionally privately mints ir commissions the minting of its own commemorative bullion rounds and bars.

2024

VANUATU

Many coins of Vanuatu bear the nation's Coat of Arms: A Melanesian warrior, armed with a spear, standing before a mountain; behind him a boar's tusk and two leaves of the namele (coconut palm), on the scroll is the Vanuatu National Motto, "Log God Yuni Stanap" ("With God We Stand" equivalent to "In God We Trust"), surrounded by the words Ripablic Blong Vanuatu ("Republic of Vanuatu").

Unknown Mint

2024


References

Dragon Dollar Chinese Coins -- https://www.dragondollar.com/

Numista -- https://en.numista.com/

Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1801 - 1900. Colin R. Bruce II, Senior Editor. 4th Edition, 2004. Krause Publications, Iola, Wisconsin.

Standard Catalog of World Coins, 1901 - 2000. George S. Cuhaj, editor. 37th Edition, 2010. Krause Publications, Iola, Wisconsin.

Standard Catalog of World Coins, 2001 - Date. George S. Cuhaj, editor. 9th Edition, 2014. Krause Publications, Iola, Wisconsin.